Recording medium having data structure for managing reproduction of at least video data recorded thereon and recording and reproducing methods and apparatuses

ABSTRACT

The recording medium has a data structure for managing reproduction of data recorded on the recording medium. A navigation area stores at least one navigation file, and the navigation file includes at least one navigation command group. At least one navigation command group includes at least one navigation command for managing reproduction of at least video data recorded on the recording medium.

FOREIGN PRIORITY

[0001] The present invention claims priority under 35 U.S.C. 119 onKorean Application No. 10-2002-0072518 filed Nov. 20, 2002; the contentsof which are incorporated by reference in their entirety.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] 1. Field of the Invention

[0003] The present invention relates to a recording medium having a datastructure for managing reproduction of data recorded thereon as well asmethods and apparatuses for reproduction and recording.

[0004] 2. Description of the Related Art

[0005] The standardization of new high-density read only and rewritableoptical disks capable of recording large amounts of high-quality videoand audio data has been progressing rapidly and new optical disk relatedproducts are expected to be commercially available on the market in thenear future. The Blu-ray Disc Rewritable (BD-RE) is one example of thesenew optical disks.

[0006]FIG. 1 illustrates the file structure of the BD-RE. The filestructure or data structure provides for managing the reproduction ofthe video and audio data recorded on the BD-RE. As shown, the datastructure includes a root directory that contains at least one BDAVdirectory. The BDAV directory includes files such as ‘info.bdav’,‘menu.tidx’, and ‘mark.tidx’, a PLAYLIST subdirectory in which playlistfiles (*.rpls and *.vpls) are stored, a CLIPINF subdirectory in whichclip information files (*.clpi) are stored, and a STREAM subdirectory inwhich MPEG2-formatted A/V stream clip files (*.m2ts) corresponding tothe clip information files are stored. In addition to illustrating thedata structure of the optical disk, FIG. 1 represents the areas of theoptical disk. For example, the general information file info.bdav isstored in a general information area or areas on the optical disk.

[0007] Because the BD-RE data structure and disk format as illustratedin FIG. 1 is well-known and readily available, only a brief overview ofthe file structure will be provided in this disclosure.

[0008] As alluded to above, the STREAM directory includesMPEG2-formatted A/V stream files called clips or clip files. The STREAMdirectory may also include a special type of clip referred to as abridge-clip A/V stream file. A bridge-clip is used for making seamlessconnection between two or more presentation intervals selected in theclips, and generally have a small data size compared to the clips. TheA/V stream includes source packets of video and audio data. For example,a source packet of video data includes a header and a transport packet.A source packet includes a source packet number, which is generally asequentially assigned number that serves as an address for accessing thesource packet. Transport packets include a packet identifier (PID). ThePID identifies the sequence of transport packets to which a transportpacket belongs. Each transport packet in the sequence will have the samePID.

[0009] The CLIPINF directory includes a clip information file associatedwith each A/V stream file. The clip information file indicates, amongother things, the type of A/V stream associated therewith, sequenceinformation, program information and timing information. The sequenceinformation describes the arrival time basis (ATC) and system time basis(STC) sequences. For example, the sequence information indicates, amongother things, the number of sequences, the beginning and ending timeinformation for each sequence, the address of the first source packet ineach sequence and the PID of the transport packets in each sequence. Asequence of source packets in which the contents of a program isconstant is called a program sequence. The program informationindicates, among other things, the number of program sequences, thestarting address for each program sequence, and the PID(s) of transportpackets in a program sequence.

[0010] The timing information is referred to as characteristic pointinformation (CPI). One form of CPI is the entry point (EP) map. The EPmap maps a presentation time stamp (e.g., on an arrival time basis (ATC)and/or a system time basis (STC)) to a source packet address (i.e.,source packet number). The presentation time stamp (PTS) and the sourcepacket number (SPN) are related to an entry point in the AV stream;namely, the PTS and its related SPN point to an entry point on the AVstream. The packet pointed to is often referred to as the entry pointpacket.

[0011] The PLAYLIST directory includes one or more playlist files. Theconcept of a playlist has been introduced to promote ease ofediting/assembling clips for playback. A playlist file is a collectionof playing intervals in the clips. Each playing interval is referred toas a playitem. The playlist file, among other things, identifies eachplayitem forming the playlist, and each playitem, among other things, isa pair of IN-point and OUT-point that point to positions on a time axisof the clip (e.g., presentation time stamps on an ATC or STC basis).Expressed another way, the playlist file identifies playitems, eachplayitem points to a clip or portion thereof and identifies the clipinformation file associated with the clip. The clip information file isused, among other things, to map the playitems to the clip of sourcepackets.

[0012] A playlist directory may include real playlists (*.rpls) andvirtual playlists (*.vpls). A real playlist can only use clips and notbridge-clips. Namely, the real playlist is considered as referring toparts of clips, and therefore, conceptually considered equivalent indisk space to the referred to parts of the clips. A virtual playlist canuse both clips and bridge-clips, and therefore, the conceptualconsiderations of a real playlist do not exist with virtual playlists.

[0013] The info.bdav file is a general information file that providesgeneral information for managing the reproduction of the A/V streamrecorded on the optical disk. More specifically, the info.bdav fileincludes, among other things, a table of playlists that identifies thefile names of the playlist in the PLAYLIST directory of the same BDAVdirectory.

[0014] The menu.tidx, menu.tdt1 and menu.tdt2 files store informationrelated to menu thumbnails. The mark.tidx, mark.tdt1 and mark.tdt2 filesstore information that relates to mark thumbnails. Because these filesare not particularly relevant to the present invention, they will not bediscussed further.

[0015] The standardization for high-density read-only optical disks suchas the Blu-ray ROM (BD-ROM) is still under way. An effective datastructure for managing reproduction of video and audio data recorded onthe high-density read-only optical disk such as a BD-ROM is not yetavailable.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0016] The recording medium according to the present invention includesa data structure for managing reproduction of at least multiplereproduction path video data (e.g., different camera angles of videodata) recorded on the recording medium.

[0017] In one exemplary embodiment, the recording medium includes anavigation area storing at least one navigation file. The navigationfile includes at least one navigation command group, and at least onenavigation command group includes at least one navigation command formanaging reproduction of at least video data recorded on the recordingmedium. For example, at least one command group indicates at least oneplaylist to reproduce, the playlist representing a portion of at leastthe video data recorded on the recording medium.

[0018] In one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, at leastone navigation command group indicates a next command group in areproduction path. In another exemplar embodiment, at least onenavigation command group indicates a next playlist in a reproductionpath.

[0019] In a further exemplary embodiment, at least one command groupincludes navigation commands for selectively determining whether atleast one playlist is included in a reproduction path. For example, thisdetermination may be made based on user input. Alternatively, oradditionally, the determination may be made based on at least one of alanguage to reproduce, a camera angle to reproduce, and a parentalcontrol level to reproduce. The determination may also be whether toinclude a playlist forming at least a portion of a separate sidereproduction path in a main reproduction path.

[0020] In a further embodiment, at least one command group includesnavigation commands for selectively branching reproduction to anothernavigation command group. For example, this selection is made based onuser input. Alternatively, or additionally, the selection may be madebased on at least one of a language to reproduce, a camera angle toreproduce, and a parental control level to reproduce. The selection mayalso be whether to branch to a navigation control group for reproducingat least a portion of a separate side reproduction path to a mainreproduction path.

[0021] In a still further embodiment, at least one command groupincludes navigation commands for selectively branching reproduction toat least one playlist. For example, this selection is made based on userinput. Alternatively, or additionally, the selection may be made basedon at least one of a language to reproduce, a camera angle to reproduce,and a parental control level to reproduce. The selection may also bewhether to include a playlist forming at least a portion of a separateside reproduction path in a main reproduction path.

[0022] In an exemplary embodiment, the navigation file further includesa length indicator indicating a length of the navigation Mile, anattribute indicator providing an indication of at least one attribute ofthe navigation file, and a number of navigation command groups indicatorindicating a number of the navigation command groups in the navigationfile.

[0023] In another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, therecording medium includes a data area, a playlist area and a navigationarea. The data area has multiple reproduction path audio/video datarecorded thereon. The playlist area stores at least one playlist, eachindicating a portion of the multiple reproduction path audio/video datato reproduce. The navigation area includes at least one navigation filestored therein, and the navigation file includes navigation commandsindicating which playlists to playback to form at least one of themultiple reproduction paths. In one related exemplary embodiment, thenavigation commands are divided into command groups. In this embodiment,the navigation file may include an indicator indicating the number ofcommand groups in the navigation file.

[0024] With respect to this embodiment, the multiple reproduction pathaudio/video data may include reproduction paths associated withdifferent languages, reproduction paths associated with different cameraangles, and/or reproduction paths associated with different parentalcontrol levels. Also, the multiple reproduction path audio/video datamay include a main reproduction path and at least one side reproductionpath.

[0025] The present invention further provides apparatuses and methodsfor recording and reproducing the data structure according to thepresent invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] The above features and other advantages of the present inventionwill be more clearly understood from the following detailed descriptiontaken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0027]FIG. 1 illustrates the prior art file or data structure of arewritable optical disk according to the Blu-ray Disc Rewritable (BD-RE)standard;

[0028]FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a recording mediumfile or data structure according to the present invention;

[0029]FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a recording medium having thedata structure of FIG. 2 stored thereon;

[0030]FIG. 4A illustrate a first detailed embodiment of the clip files,disk data and EP map for use in the data structure according to FIG. 2;

[0031]FIG. 4B illustrates the time alignment that exists between the EPmaps for the different clip files;

[0032]FIGS. 5 and 6 illustrate first and second embodiments of the datastructure for reproduction path management information for use in thedata structure according to FIG. 2;

[0033]FIG. 7 illustrates a schematic diagram of an embodiment of anoptical disk recording and reproduction apparatus of the presentinvention;

[0034]FIG. 8 illustrates a second detailed embodiment of the clip files,disk data and EP map for use in the data structure according to FIG. 2;

[0035]FIG. 9 illustrates another data structure according to anembodiment of the present invention;

[0036]FIG. 10 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a recording mediumhaving the data structure of FIG. 9 recorded thereon;

[0037]FIG. 11 illustrates a portion of a general information file‘*.ttl’ for a title according to an embodiment of the present inventionin greater detail;

[0038]FIG. 12 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a format for thenavigation file ‘PlayList_Linker’; and

[0039] FIGS. 13-17 illustrate graphical representations of differentmethods of structuring navigation control using the data structure ofFIG. 12.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0040] In order that the invention may be fully understood, exemplaryembodiments thereof will now be described with reference to theaccompanying drawings.

[0041] A high-density recording medium such as a high density opticaldisk (e.g., a Blu-Ray ROM (BD-ROM), BD-RE, etc.) in accordance with theinvention may have a file or data structure for managing reproduction ofvideo and audio data as shown in FIG. 2. Many aspects of the datastructure according to the present invention shown in FIG. 2 are similarto that of the BD-RE standard discussed with respect to FIG. 1. As suchthese aspects will not be described in great detail.

[0042] As shown in FIG. 2, the root directory contains at least one DVPdirectory. The DVP directory includes a general information fileinfo.dvp, menu files menu.tidx, menu.tdt1 among others, a PLAYLISTdirectory in which playlist files (e.g., real (*.rpls) and virtual(*.vpls)) are stored, a CLIPINF directory in which clip informationfiles (*.clpi) are stored, and a STREAM directory in whichMPEG2-formatted A/V stream clip files (*.m2ts), corresponding to theclip information files, are stored.

[0043] The STREAM directory includes MPEG2-formatted A/V stream filescalled clips or clip files. The A/V stream includes source packets ofvideo and audio data. For example, a source packet of video dataincludes a header and a transport packet. A source packet includes asource packet number, which is generally a sequentially assigned numberthat serves as an address for accessing the source packet. Transportpackets include a packet identifier (PID). The PID identifies thesequence of transport packets to which a transport packet belongs. Eachtransport packet in the sequence will have the same PID.

[0044] The CLIPINF directory includes a clip information file associatedwith each A/V stream file. The clip information file indicates, amongother things, the type of A/V stream associated therewith, sequenceinformation, program information and timing information. The sequenceinformation describes the arrival time basis (ATC) and system time basis(STC) sequences. For example, the sequence information indicates, amongother things, the number of sequences, the beginning and ending timeinformation for each sequence, the address of the first source packet ineach sequence and the PID of the transport packets in each sequence. Asequence of source packets in which the contents of a program isconstant is called a program sequence. The program informationindicates, among other things, the number of program sequences, thestarting address for each program sequence, and the PID(s) of transportpackets in a program sequence.

[0045] The timing information is referred to as characteristic pointinformation (CPI). One form of CPI is the entry point (EP) map. The EPmap maps a presentation time stamp (e.g., on an arrival time basis (ATC)and/or a system time basis (STC)) to a source packet address (i.e.,source packet number). The presentation time stamp (PTS) and the sourcepacket number (SPN) are related to an entry point in the AV stream;namely, the PTS and its related SPN point to an entry point on the AVstream. The packet pointed to is often referred to as the entry pointpacket.

[0046] The PLAYLIST directory includes one or more playlist files. Theconcept of a playlist has been introduced to promote ease ofediting/assembling clips for playback. A playlist file is a collectionof playing intervals in the clips. Each playing interval is referred toas a playitem. The playlist file, among other things, identifies eachplayitem forming the playlist, and each playitem, among other things, isa pair of IN-point and OUT-point that point to positions on a time axisof the clip (e.g., presentation time stamps on an ATC or STC basis).Expressed another way, the playlist file identifies playitems, eachplayitem points to a clip or portion thereof and identifies the clipinformation file associated with the clip. The clip information file isused, among other things, to map the playitems to the clip of sourcepackets.

[0047] A playlist directory may include real playlists (*.rpls) andvirtual playlists (*.vpls). A real playlist can only use clips and notbridge-clips. Namely, the real playlist is considered as referring toparts of clips, and therefore, conceptually considered equivalent indisk space to the referred to parts of the clips. A virtual playlist canuse both clips and bridge-clips, and therefore, the conceptualconsiderations of a real playlist do not exist with virtual playlists.

[0048] The info.dvp file is a general information file that providesgeneral information for managing the reproduction of the A/V streamsrecorded on the optical disk. More specifically, the info.dvp fileincludes, among other things, a table of playlists that identifies thefile names of the playlists in the PLAYLIST directory. The info.dvp filewill be discussed in greater detail below with respect to theembodiments of the present invention.

[0049] In addition to illustrating the data structure of the recordingmedium according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2represents the areas of the recording medium. For example, the generalinformation file is recorded in one or more general information areas,the playlist directory is recorded in one or more playlist directoryareas, each playlist in a playlist directory is recorded in one or moreplaylist areas of the recording medium, etc. FIG. 3 illustrates anexample of a recording medium having the data structure of FIG. 2 storedthereon. As shown, the recording medium includes a file systeminformation area, a data base area and an A/V stream area. The data basearea includes a general information file and playlist information areaand a clip information area. The general information file and playlistinformation area have the general information file recorded in a generalinformation file area thereof, and the PLAYLIST directory and playlistfiles recorded in a playlist information area thereof. The clipinformation area has the CLIPINFO directory and associated clipinformation files recorded therein. The A/V stream area has the A/Vstreams for the various titles recorded therein.

[0050] Video and audio data are typically organized as individualtitles; for example, different movies represented by the video and audiodata are organized as different titles. Furthermore, a title may beorganized into individual chapters in much the same way a book is oftenorganized into chapters.

[0051] Because of the large storage capacity of the newer, high-densityrecording media such as BD-ROM and BD-RE optical disks, differenttitles, various versions of a title or portions of a title may berecorded, and therefore, reproduced from the recording media. Forexample, video data representing different camera angles may be recordedon the recording medium. As another example, versions of title orportions thereof associated with different languages may be recorded onthe recording medium. As a still further example, a director's versionand a theatrical version of a title may be recorded on the recordingmedium. Or, an adult version, young adult version and young childversion (i.e., different parental control versions) of a title orportions of a title may be recorded on the recording medium. Eachversion, camera angle, etc. represents a different reproduction path,and the video data in these instances is referred to as multiplereproduction path video data. It will be appreciated that the aboveexamples of multiple reproduction path video data are not limiting, andthe present invention is applicable to any type or combination of typesof multiple reproduction path video data. As will be described in detailbelow with respect to embodiments of the present invention, the datastructures according to the present invention include path managementinformation and/or navigation information for managing reproduction ofmultiple reproduction path video data recorded on the recording medium.

[0052] A multiple reproduction path data stream, for instance, amulti-story, a multi-parental-level, or a multi-angle data streamrecorded as a title in a physical data recording area of a recordingmedium (e.g., a BD-ROM) may be managed as a plurality of clip files. Forexample, clip files 1-3 shown in FIG. 4A correspond to a title and theA/V streams recorded in the clip files are in the form ofMPEG2-formatted transport packets (TPs).

[0053] The TPs of the multi-path data stream contain packet IDs (PIDs)unique to each of the paths (e.g., different angles) for identifying thepath. The TPs (TP1) of clip file 1 corresponding to path 1 include theinformation that Video_PID=A and Audio_PID=P and the TPs (TP2) of clipfile 2 corresponding to path 2 include the information that Video_PID=Band Audio_PID=R. Likewise, the TPs (TP3) of clip file 3 corresponding topath 3 include the information that Video_PID=C and Audio_PID=S.

[0054] The TPs of the clip files 1, 2, and 3 corresponding to paths 1,2, and 3 respectively are recorded in the AV stream area within thephysical data recording area of, for example, the BD-ROM in aninterleaved manner. The TPs for the multiple reproduction paths areinterleaved on a PID basis as interleave blocks, each of which containsat least one I-picture. And, the first transport packet of eachinterleave block is the first transport packet of an I-picture.

[0055] Clip information files 1, 2, and 3 corresponding to clip files 1,2, and 3, respectively, include search information for selectivelyaccessing TPs of each reproduction path. For example, as shown in FIG.4A, each clip information file includes one or more entry point (EP)maps containing the presentation time stamps (PTSs) mapping to sourcepacket numbers (SPNs) of the TPs in an associated clip file. In oneexemplary embodiment, a one-to-one relationship exists between the EPmaps and the number of paths included in the multiple reproduction pathdata stream. In the example of FIG. 4A, three EP maps 1, 2, 3corresponding to the clip files 1, 2, and 3, respectively, are createdand recorded in the corresponding clip information files 1, 2, and 3.

[0056]FIG. 4B illustrates the time alignment that exists between the EPmaps for the different clip files. As discussed, an EP map maps thepresentation time stamp information such as indicated in a playitem to asource packet. More particularly, the presentation time stamp is mappedto the address or identifier of the source packet. The address oridentifier is the source packet number (SPN). FIG. 4B further shows thesource packets by source packet number along the presentation time stampaxis for each clip file 1, 2, and 3. As shown, source packets in each ofthe EP maps 1, 2, and 3 have the same presentation time stamps. Forexample, source packet x1 from the first clip file 1, source packet y1from the second clip file 2 and source packet z1 from the third clipfile 3 have the same presentation time stamp T1. As such, the EP maps 1,2 and 3 are time-aligned. Because of this time-alignment, seamlessreproduction of video data is possible even when the reproduction pathis changed during reproduction. FIG. 4B illustrates changes inreproduction path by two concentric circles. As shown, if a user decidesto change the reproduction path from clip file 2 to clip file 1 duringreproduction of source packet y2, then after completing reproduction ofsource packet y2, source packet x3 is the next source packet reproduced.Similarly if a user decides to change reproduction path (e.g., changecamera angle to view) from clip file 1 to clip file 3 duringreproduction of source packet x4, then after completing reproduction ofsource packet x4, source packet z5 is reproduced. It will be understoodthat the source packet numbers given in the example above are merelyexemplary, and that a source packet in one clip file will not,generally, have the same source packet number as a time aligned sourcepacket in another clip file.

[0057]FIG. 5 illustrates a portion of the general information fileinfo.dvp according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown,the general information file info.dvp includes an information fieldcalled ‘TableOfPlaylists’. The playlist table ‘TableOfPlaylists’information field indicates the length of the information field, and thenumber of playlists in the PLAYLIST directory. For each playlist, theplaylist table ‘TableOfPlaylists’ indicates the file name‘PlayList_file_name’ of the playlist (which identifies the playlist) anda path number ‘Path_number’. The path number ‘Path_number’ provides pathmanagement information by indicating the path or paths to which theassociated playlist belongs. In the embodiment of FIGS. 4A-4B, one clipcorresponds to each path. Accordingly, each playlist file includes oneplayitem, which points to the one clip associated with the same path asthe playlist file. It should be understood, however, that the presentinvention is not limited to this structure.

[0058] In another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, theplaylist table ‘TableOfPlaylists’ does not include path managementinformation. In this embodiment, illustrated in FIG. 6, the pathmanagement information is provided in the playlist files. As shown, eachplaylist file indicates a length of the file, and the number ofplayitems ‘number_of_PlayItems’ forming the playlist. For each playitem,a playitem information field is provided in the playlist file. Here,each playitem is identified by the number of the playitem. As shown inFIG. 6, the playitem information field includes, in part, an indicationof the field's length and a path number ‘Path_number’. The path number‘Path_number’ provides the path management information by indicating thepath to which the associated playitem belongs.

[0059]FIG. 7 illustrates a schematic diagram of an embodiment of anoptical disk recording and reproducing apparatus according to thepresent invention. As shown, an AV encoder 9 receives and encodes audioand video data. The AV encoder 9 outputs the encoded audio and videodata along with coding information and stream attribute information. Amultiplexer 8 multiplexes the encoded audio and video data based on thecoding information and stream attribute information to create, forexample, an MPEG-2 transport stream. A source packetizer 7 packetizesthe transport packets from the multiplexer 8 into source packets inaccordance with the audio/video format of the optical disk. Alternativeor additionally, the source packetizer 7 may directly receive digitaldata. As shown in FIG. 7, the operations of the AV encoder 9, themultiplexer 8 and the source packetizer 7 are controlled by a controller10. The controller 10 receives user input on the recording operation,and provides control information to AV encoder 9, multiplexer 8 and thesource packetizer 7. For example, the controller 10 instructs the AVencoder 9 on the type of encoding to perform, instructs the multiplexer8 on the transport stream to create, and instructs the source packetizer7 on the source packet format. The controller 10 further controls adrive 3 to record the output from the source packetizer 7 on the opticaldisk.

[0060] The controller 10 also creates the navigation and managementinformation for managing reproduction of the audio/video data beingrecorded on the optical disk. For example, based on information receivedvia the user interface (e.g., instruction set saved on disk, providedover an intranet or internet by a computer system, etc.) the controller10 controls the drive 3 to record the data structure of FIGS. 2, 4 and 5or 6 on the optical disk.

[0061] During reproduction, the controller 10 controls the drive 3 toreproduce this data structure. Based on the information containedtherein, as well as user input received over the user interface (e.g.,control buttons on the recording and reproducing apparatus or a remoteassociated with the apparatus), the controller 10 controls the drive 3to reproduce the audio/video source packets from the optical disk. Forexample, the user input may specify a path to reproduce. This user inputmay be specified, for example, via a menu based graphical user interfacepreprogrammed into the controller 10. Using the user input and the pathmanagement information reproduced from the optical disk, the controller10 controls the reproduction of the specified path.

[0062] For example, to select a particular path, the path numbers foreach playlist are examined by the controller 10 to determine the numberof reproduction paths, and the user is requested which path toreproduce. The path management information may be augmented to providemore meaningful information regarding the reproduction path toreproduce. During reproduction, the EP map for the selected path isaccessed to perform reproduction. And, as discussed above, if the userchanges the reproduction path during reproduction, a seamless changetakes place by using the EP map of the new reproduction path that isaligned in time with the EP map of the old reproduction path.

[0063] The reproduced source packets are received by a sourcedepacketizer 4 and converted into a data stream (e.g., an MPEG-2transport packet stream). A demultiplexer 5 demultiplexes the datastream into encoded video and audio data. An AV decoder 6 decodes theencoded video and audio data to produce the original audio and videodata that was fed to the AV encoder 9. During reproduction, thecontroller 10 controls the operation of the source depacketizer 4,demultiplexer 5 and AV decoder 6. The controller 10 receives user inputon the reproducing operation, and provides control information to AVdecoder 6, demultiplexer 5 and the source packetizer 4. For example, thecontroller 10 instructs the AV decoder 9 on the type of decoding toperform, instructs the demultiplexer 5 on the transport stream todemultiplex, and instructs the source depacketizer 4 on the sourcepacket format.

[0064] While FIG. 7 has been described as a recording and reproducingapparatus, it will be understood that only a recording or only areproducing apparatus may be provided using those portions of FIG. 7providing the recording or reproducing function.

[0065]FIG. 8 illustrates a second detailed embodiment of the clip files,disk data and EP map for use in the data structure according to FIG. 2.As explained before, a multi-path data stream recorded in a physicaldata recording area, for example, of the BD-ROM may be managed as aplurality of clip files. For example, clip files 1-3 shown in FIG. 8correspond to a title and the A/V streams recorded in the clip files arein the form of MPEG2-formatted transport packets (TPs).

[0066] The TPs (TP1) of clip file 1 corresponding to Path 1 include theinformation that Video_PID=A and Audio_PID=P and the TPs (TP2) of clipfile 2 corresponding to Path 2 include the information that Video_PID=Band Audio_PID=R. Likewise, the TPs (TP3) of clip file 3 corresponding toPath 3 include the information that Video_PID=C and Audio_PID=S. The TPsof the clip files 1, 2, and 3 corresponding to Paths 1, 2, and 3respectively are recorded in the AV stream area within the physical datarecording area of the recording medium (e.g., BD-ROM) in an interleavedmanner. As mentioned before, the different paths may, in one exemplaryembodiment be different camera angles.

[0067] The TPs for multiple reproduction paths are interleaved asinterleave blocks each of which contains at least one I-picture. And thefirst transport packet of each interleave block is the first transportpacket of an I-picture.

[0068] The path management information for playback control of thesingle-path and multi-path A/V streams recorded as a single title in thephysical data recording area of the BD-ROM may be recorded in a clipinformation file corresponding to the clip files, as depicted in FIG. 8.

[0069] For example, the path management information is recorded andmanaged as path sequence information in a clip information filecorresponding to the clip files 1, 2, and 3. The path sequenceinformation includes the path sequence numbers (Path_Sequence Numbers)corresponding to the recording segments, for example, recording segments1, 2, and 3 and video/audio PIDs (Video_PIDs and Audio_PIDs).

[0070] In more detail, Path_Sequence #1, corresponding to a firstrecording segment, includes the information that ‘Video_PID=A’ and‘Audio_PID=P’, which indicates that this recording segment only includesvideo data for the first reproduction path. Path_Sequence #2,corresponding to the second recording segment, includes the informationthat ‘Video_PID=A,B,C’ and ‘Audio_PID=P,R,S’, which indicates that thissegment of video data includes video data for the first, the second, andthe third reproduction paths. Path_Sequence #3, corresponding to a thirdrecording segment, includes the information that ‘Video_PID=C’ and‘Audio_PID=S’, which indicates that the video data in this recordingsegment includes video data for only the third reproduction path.

[0071] Each path sequence also includes a source packet number SPN foreach reproduction path in the path sequence. The SPN for a reproductionpath is the first source packet for that reproduction path in that pathsequence.

[0072] A path sequence may correspond to video data segment having oneor more of the reproduction paths included therein. Also, the number ofpath sequences is not limited to three.

[0073] In addition to the path sequence information, FIG. 8 shows thatthe clip information files for the clip files 1, 2, and 3, provide thesame search information for selectively accessing TPs of each pathrecorded in the first through third segments. For example, the same EPmap is provided by clip information files. When the EP map informationrecorded in the clip information files is managed as a single EP map,the PTSs and SPNs of TPs of the different reproduction paths arerecorded in the EP map by interleaving in the same order that the TPs ofthe different reproduction paths are recorded.

[0074] Alternatively, as shown with respect to FIGS. 4A and 4B, aone-to-one correspondence may exist between EP maps and reproductionpaths. In the case of FIG. 8, three EP maps (EP_map 1, 2, 3)corresponding to the groups of TPs of paths 1, 2, 3 respectively wouldbe created and recorded in the clip information file.

[0075] As will be readily apparent, the recording and reproducingapparatus of FIG. 7 may operate in the same manner with respect to theembodiment of FIG. 8 as was described above with respect to FIGS. 4A and4B. However, it will be appreciated that other methods of reproductionare also possible and the present invention is not limited to this oneexample. For instance, path management information in the form of thepath sequence information in the clip information files may bereproduced and used to manage the reproduction of multiple reproductionpath video data. Here, the PIDs in each path sequence are examined todetermine the number of reproduction paths. The user is then requestedto select a path. If a single EP map is provided, the controller 10 usesthe EP map and the PID of the selected path to reproduce the appropriateclip file for the selected reproduction path. If an EP map for eachreproduction path is provided, then the EP map corresponding to theselected reproduction path is used to reproduce the clip file for theselected reproduction path. And, as discussed above, if the user changesthe reproduction path during reproduction, a seamless change takes placeby using the EP map of the new reproduction path that is aligned in timewith the EP map of the old reproduction path.

[0076]FIG. 9 illustrates another data structure according to anembodiment of the present invention. As shown, in this embodiment, theDVP directory includes a TITLE directory. The TITLE directory includesgeneral information files *.ttl for the titles of video data recorded onthe recording medium. The general information files *.ttl are the sameas the general information file info.dvp discussed above with respect toFIG. 2, except for certain additional information fields discussed indetail below. As further shown in FIG. 9, the DVP directory includes aPLAYLIST directory, CLIPINFO directory and STREAM directory. Thesedirectories contain the same information and files as described abovewith respect to FIG. 2, but do so for all of the titles. As with FIG. 2,FIG. 9 represents areas of the recording medium, and FIG. 10 illustratesan exemplary embodiment of the recording medium including these areas.FIG. 10 is the same as FIG. 3 discussed above, except that the generalinformation file and playlist information area includes a navigationarea storing navigation control information as discussed in detailbelow. While FIG. 10 illustrates one navigation area, it should beunderstood that more than navigation area may be present.

[0077]FIG. 11 illustrates a portion of a general information file‘info.ttl’ for a title according to an embodiment of the presentinvention in greater detail. As shown, the general information file‘*.ttl’ includes one or more navigation files called ‘PlayList_Linker’.As will be appreciated, the general information file in the embodimentof FIG. 2 may also include one or more navigation files as will bedescribed in greater detail below.

[0078]FIG. 12 illustrates an embodiment of the format for the navigationfile ‘PlayList_Linker’. The navigation file ‘PlayList_Linker’ includes alength field indicating the length of the navigation file, a path typefield ‘Path_type’ indicating at least one attribute of the navigationfile (e.g., the path type information may indicate the type of multiplereproduction path data stream managed by the navigation file), and anumber of playlists field ‘Number_of_PlayLists’ indicating a number ofplaylists. For each playlist, the navigation file ‘PlayList_Linker’provides one or more pre-navigation commands ‘Pre_Command’, a playlistfile name ‘PlayList_file_name’, and one or more post-navigation commands‘Post-Command’. The pre-navigation command, playlist file name andpost-navigation command set provided for each playlist forms anavigation command group referred to as a path item. In other words, thenumber of playlists field ‘Number_of_PlayLists’ indicates the number ofnavigation command groups or path items in the navigation file.

[0079] The playlist file name indicates the file name‘PlayList_file_name’ of a playlist for possible playback. The‘Pre-Command’ provides one or more navigation commands to control theassociated path item (e.g., whether to reproduce the identifiedplaylist). The ‘Post-Command’ provides one or more post-navigationcommands to control navigation of the playback path. For example, thepost-navigation commands may include a program (e.g., Boolean logic) forcontrolling to which path item the reproduction path should branch. Thebranching decisions may, in some instances, be based on user inputprovided as part of the reproduction process. Branching and othernavigation of path items will be described in greater detail below.

[0080] FIGS. 13-17 illustrate graphical representations of differentmethods of structuring navigation control using the data structure ofFIG. 12. As explained before, a multiple reproduction path data streamrecorded in the AV stream area of, for example, a BD-ROM may be managedas a plurality of clip files. The plurality of clip files are associatedwith a plurality of playlist files, which may be allocated to differentreproduction paths.

[0081] In the example of FIG. 13, the A/V stream is recorded asfirst-fifth clip files ‘Clip File 1’ to ‘Clip File 5’. The third andfourth clip files ‘Clip File 3’ and ‘Clip File 4’ are associated withdifferent reproduction paths, while the first, second and fifth clipfiles ‘Clip File 1’, ‘Clip File 2’ and ‘Clip File 5’ are common to eachof the reproduction paths. As further shown, the first and second clipfiles ‘Clip File 1’ and ‘Clip File 2’ are referenced by respectiveplayitems in a first playlist ‘PlayList 1’. The third clip file ‘ClipFile 3’ is referenced by a playitem in a second playlist ‘Playlist 2’,the fourth clip file ‘Clip File 4’ is referenced by a playitem in athird playlist ‘Playlist 3’, and the fifth clip file ‘Clip File 5’ isreferenced by a playitem in a fourth playlist ‘Playlist 4’.

[0082] As shown in FIG. 13, the data structure of the clip files andplaylists is referred to as the navigation database. Namely, thisprovides the raw material (e.g., video data, etc.), that may be managed.The management of the navigation database is referred to as thenavigation control information; namely, the navigation files discussedin detail above. FIG. 13 graphically illustrates the navigation controlinformation provided by one exemplary navigation file ‘PlayList_Linker’.

[0083] The navigation file ‘PlayList_Linker’ begins with a first pathitem (i.e., a first navigation command group), which includespre-navigation commands and a playlist file name instructing playback ofthe first playlist ‘PlayList 1’. The post-navigation commands of thefirst path item provide for branching to either a second or thirdnavigation command group (i.e., a second or third path item). Here, thesecond path item includes pre-navigation commands and a playlist filename instructing playback of the second playlist ‘PlayList 2’, and thethird path item includes pre-navigation commands and a playlist filename instructing playback of the third playlist ‘PlayList 3’.Accordingly, the post-navigation commands of the first path itemselectively control playback of the second playlist ‘PlayList 2’ or thethird playlist ‘Playlist 3’.

[0084] As discussed above, the second and third playlists instructreproduction of the third and fourth clip files ‘Clip File 3’ and ‘ClipFile 4’, which are associated with different reproduction paths. Assuch, the post-navigation commands for the first path item control whichreproduction path is reproduced. Whether reproduction branches to thepath represented by the second path item or the path represented by thethird path item may depend on user input. For example, prior to startingreproduction or during reproduction, a user may enter a desiredreproduction path. The logic represented by the post-navigation commandsthen causes reproduction to branch to the correct path item based on theuser's selection. If no selection is made, then a default selection maybe used. Specific examples of reproduction path selections andnavigation based on those selections are described in detail below withrespect to the embodiments of FIGS. 14-17.

[0085] Both the second and third path items include post-navigationcommands instructing that the reproduction path proceed to the fourthpath item. The fourth path item includes pre-navigation commands and aplaylist file name instructing playback of the fourth playlist ‘PlayList4’.

[0086]FIG. 14 illustrates a graphical representation of an exemplaryembodiment for structuring navigation control using the data structureof FIG. 12 when the multiple reproduction paths include differentlanguages. As shown, the A/V stream is recorded as first and second clipfiles ‘Clip File 1’ and ‘Clip File 2’. The first clip file ‘Clip File 1’includes video data and English language audio data associated with thevideo data. The second clip file ‘Clip File 2’ includes French audiodata. It will be appreciated that second clip file ‘Clip File 2’ mayinclude video data and French language audio data associated with thevideo data. Furthermore, it will be appreciated that the presentinvention is not limited to these languages or to having only twolanguage options.

[0087] As further shown, the first and second clip files ‘Clip File 1’and ‘Clip File 2’ are referenced by respective playitems in a first,second and third virtual playlists ‘PlayList 1’, ‘PlayList 2’ and‘PlayList 3.’ It will be appreciated that the present invention is notlimited to using virtual playlists to refer to the clip files, insteadreal playlist may be used. The first playlist ‘PlayList 1’ references afirst portion of the first clip file ‘Clip File 1’, and the secondplaylist ‘Playlist 2’ references a second portion of the first clip file‘Clip File 1’. The third playlist ‘Playlist 3’ includes a playitemreferencing the second portion of the first clip file ‘Clip File 1’ anda subplayitem referencing the second clip file ‘Clip File 2’.

[0088] As shown in FIG. 14, the navigation file ‘PlayList_Linker’ beginswith a first path item (i.e., a first navigation command group), whichincludes pre-navigation commands and a playlist file name instructingplayback of the first playlist ‘PlayList 1’. The post-navigationcommands of the first path item provide for branching to either a secondor third navigation command group (i.e., a second or third path item).Here, the second path item includes pre-navigation commands and aplaylist file name instructing playback of the second playlist ‘PlayList2’. The third path item includes pre-navigation commands and a playlistfile name instructing playback of the third playlist ‘PlayList 3’. Thethird playlist ‘PlayList 3’ instructs playback of the video dataassociated with the second portion of the first clip file ‘Clip File 1’and audio data associated with either the first clip file ‘Clip File 1’or the second clip file ‘Clip File 2’. For example, if a user selectsEnglish language reproduction, the audio data of the first clip file‘Clip File 1’ is reproduced and if a user selects French languagereproduction, the audio data of the second clip file ‘Clip File 2’ isreproduced. Whether reproduction branches to the path represented by thesecond path item or the path represented by the third path item may alsodepend on user input. For example, prior to starting reproduction orduring reproduction, a user may enter a desired language forreproduction. The logic represented by the post-navigation commands inthe first playitem then causes reproduction to branch to the correctlanguage path item based on the user's selection. If no selection ismade, then a default selection (e.g., english language) may be used. Assuch, the post-navigation e first path item helps control which languageis reproduced.

[0089] Both the second and third path items include post-navagationcommands instructing that the reproduction path proceed to the same pathitem (not shown).

[0090]FIG. 15 illustrates a graphical representation of an exemplaryembodiment for structuring navigation control using the data structureof FIG. 12 when the multiple reproduction paths include differentparental control levels. As discussed above, an adult version, youngadult version and young child version (i.e., different parental controlversions) of a title of portions of a title may be recorded on therecording medium.

[0091] As shown in FIG. 15, the A/V stream is recorded as first throughfourth clip files ‘Clip File 1’ to ‘Clip File 4’. The video data, audio,and/or etc. of the as first through fourth clip files ‘Clip File 1’ to‘Clip File 4’ satisfies one or more levels of parental control. For thepurposes of example only, FIG. 15 represents the situation where threelevels of parental control are available. A first level of parentalcontrol ‘Parental Level 1’ represents a lowest level of parentalcontrol. This means the fewest or no restrictions on reproduction of theA/V stream. This level of parental control may be set, for example, whenthe user desires reproduction of an adult version of, for example, atitle. The second level of parental control ‘Parental Level 2’represents a higher level of parental control. This means somerestrictions are placed on the reproduction of the A/V stream. Forexample, the second level of parental control ‘Parental Level 2’ mayrepresent a young adult version of a title in which certain portions ofthe A/V stream unsuitable for young adults are not reproduced. A thirdlevel of parental control ‘Parental Level 3’ represents a highest levelof parental control. This means even greater restrictions may be placedon the reproduction of the A/V stream. For example, the third level ofparental control ‘Parental Level 3’ may represent a child's version of atitle in which certain portions of the A/V stream unsuitable forchildren are not reproduced.

[0092] As will be explained in greater detail below, the clip files maybe organized such that they are associated in their entirety with one ormore parental levels or may be organized such that different portionsare associated with different parental levels. In addition, clip filesor portions of a clip file may represent alternative portions of a titledepending on the parental control level. As will be further appreciated,portions of a clip file or a clip file associated with the third(highest) parental control level ‘Parental Level 3’ may also beassociated with the first and second parental control levels ‘ParentalLevel 1’ and ‘Parental Level 2’. Namely, if A/V steam data satisfies agiven parental control level, it also satisfies the parental controllevels lower than the given parental control level, and may bereproduced as part of that lower level parent control reproduction path.

[0093] As shown in FIG. 15, a first portion of the first clip file ‘ClipFile 1’ and the entire fourth clip file ‘Clip File 4’ satisfy anyparental control level. A second portion of the first clip file ‘ClipFile 1’ satisfies the first parental control level ‘Parental Level 1’.The second clip file ‘Clip File 2’ satisfies the second parental controllevel ‘Parental Level 2’, and the third clip file ‘Clip File 3’satisfies the third parental control level ‘Parental Level 3’. In thisexample, the second portion of the first clip file ‘Clip File 1’, thesecond clip file ‘Clip File 2’ and the third clip file ‘Clip File 3’represent alternatives of a same portion of a title that are reproduceddepending on the chosen parental control path.

[0094] As further shown in FIG. 15, a first playlist ‘PlayList 1’includes a single playitem referencing the first clip file ‘Clip File1’. A second playlist ‘Playlist 2’ includes a single playitemreferencing the fourth clip file ‘Clip File 4’. A third playlist‘Playlist 3’ includes a first playitem referencing the first portion ofthe first clip file ‘Clip File 1’, a second playitem referencing thesecond clip file ‘Clip File 2’ and a third playitem referencing thefourth clip file ‘Clip File 4’. The fourth playlist ‘Playlist 4’includes a first playitem referencing the first portion of the firstclip file ‘Clip File 1’, a second playitem referencing the third clipfile ‘Clip File 3’ and a third playitem referencing the fourth clip file‘Clip File 4’. Because the playlists may be either real or virtual, bothtypes have been commonly referred to as playlists in theabove-description.

[0095] The navigation file ‘PlayList_Linker’ provides for threedifferent reproduction paths, each associated with one of the threeparental control levels. As shown, a first path item (i.e., a firstnavigation command group), includes pre-navigation commands and aplaylist file name instructing playback of the first playlist ‘PlayList1’ if the first parental control level ‘Parental Level 1’ has beenselected by a user for reproduction. The post-navigation commands of thefirst path item provide for proceeding to a second navigation commandgroup (i.e., a second path item). Here, the second path item includespre-navigation commands and a playlist file name instructing playback ofthe second playlist ‘PlayList 2’. If the second or third parentalcontrol levels ‘Parent Level 2’ or ‘Parental Level 3’ have beenselected, the pre-navigation commands of the first path item prevent thefirst path item from being acted upon by the reproducing apparatus; andthus, prevent the first playlist ‘PlayList 1’ from being reproduced andprevent proceeding to the second path item.

[0096] A third path item includes pre-navigation commands and a playlistfile name instructing playback of the third playlist ‘PlayList 3’ if thesecond parental control level ‘Parental Level 2’ has been selected by auser for reproduction. If the first or third parental control levels‘Parent Level 1’ or ‘Parental Level 3’ have been selected, thepre-navigation commands of the third path item prevent the third pathitem from being acted upon by the reproducing apparatus; and thus,prevent the third playlist ‘PlayList 3’ from being reproduced.

[0097] A fourth path item includes pre-navigation commands and aplaylist file name instructing playback of the fourth playlist ‘PlayList4’ if the third parental control level ‘Parental Level 3’ has beenselected by a user for reproduction. If the first or second parentalcontrol levels ‘Parent Level 1’ or ‘Parental Level 2’ have beenselected, the pre-navigation commands of the fourth path item preventthe fourth path item from being acted upon by the reproducing apparatus;and thus, prevent the fourth playlist ‘PlayList 4’ from beingreproduced.

[0098]FIG. 16 illustrates a graphical representation of an exemplaryembodiment for structuring navigation control using the data structureof FIG. 12 when a main reproduction path includes a side path. Forexample, a main story or title, may have a side story (e.g., director'scommentary) associated with a portion of the main story. At the portionof the main story with which the side story is associated, a user may bepresented with the option to have the side story reproduced. If the userprovides input assenting to reproduction of the side story, the sidestory is reproduced and then reproduction may continue with the mainstory.

[0099] As shown in FIG. 16, the A/V stream is recorded as first andsecond clip files ‘Clip File 1’ and ‘Clip File 2’. The first clip file‘Clip File 1’ includes A/V stream data associated with a mainreproduction path (e.g., a main story). The second clip file ‘Clip File2’ includes A/V stream data associated with a side reproduction path(e.g., a side story). It will be appreciated, that the main reproductionpath is not limited to having a single side reproduction path; nor isthe side reproduction path limited to being a side story.

[0100] As further shown, the first and second clip files ‘Clip File 1’and ‘Clip File 2’ are referenced by respective playitems in a first,second and third virtual playlist ‘PlayList 1’, ‘PlayList 2’ and‘PlayList 3.’ It will be appreciated that the present invention is notlimited to using virtual playlists to refer to the clip files, insteadreal playlist may be used. The first playlist ‘PlayList 1’ references afirst portion of the first clip file ‘Clip File 1’, and the secondplaylist ‘Playlist 2’ references a second portion of the first clip file‘Clip File 1’. The third playlist ‘Playlist 3’ includes a playitemreferencing the second clip file ‘Clip File 2’.

[0101] As shown in FIG. 16, the navigation file ‘PlayList_Linker’ beginswith a first path item (i.e., a first navigation command group), whichincludes pre-navigation commands and a playlist file name instructingplayback of the first playlist ‘PlayList 1’. The post-navigationcommands of the first path item provide for branching to either a secondor third navigation command group (i.e., a second or third path item).Here, the second path item includes pre-navigation commands and aplaylist file name instructing playback of the second playlist ‘PlayList2’. The third path item includes pre-navigation commands and a playlistfile name instructing playback of the third playlist ‘PlayList 3’. Thepost-navigation commands of the third path item provide for proceedingto the second path item.

[0102] Prior to reproduction a user may specify whether sidereproduction paths are to be reproduced. Alternatively or additionally,during reproduction, the main A/V stream may notify the user as part ofthe reproduction of the main A/V stream that a side reproduction path isavailable for reproduction with respect to the currently reproducedportion of the main A/V stream. In response, the user may assent toreproduction of the side reproduction path. For example, if according toone of the above-described methods, a user selects reproduction of theside story in the example of FIG. 16, the first path item branches tothe third path item. Otherwise, the first path item branches to thesecond path item.

[0103]FIG. 17 illustrates a graphical representation of an exemplaryembodiment for structuring navigation control using the data structureof FIG. 12 when the multiple reproduction paths include different cameraangles. As shown, the A/V stream is recorded as first through fourthclip files ‘Clip File 1’ to ‘Clip File 4’. Of the first through fourthclip files ‘Clip File 1’ to ‘Clip File 4’, the second and third clipfiles ‘Clip File 2’ and ‘Clip File 3’ represent different camera anglesof the same portion of, for example, a title. Furthermore, the A/Vstream data for the second and third clip files may be interleaved asshown in FIG. 17. Accordingly, during reproduction, one of the twocamera angles may be selectively reproduced. It will be appreciated thatmore than two camera angles may be provided, and that more than oneportion of the A/V stream may provide for selecting between multiplecamera angles.

[0104] As further shown in FIG. 17, the first through fourth clip files‘Clip File 1’ to ‘Clip File 4’ are respectively referenced by playitemsin first through fourth playlists ‘PlayList 1’ to ‘PlayList 4.’

[0105] The navigation file ‘PlayList-Linker’ begins with a first pathitem (i.e., a first navigation command group), which includespre-navigation commands and a playlist file name instructing playback ofthe first playlist ‘PlayList 1’. The post-navigation commands of thefirst path item provide for branching to either a second or thirdnavigation command group (i.e., a second or third path item). Here, thesecond path item includes pre-navigation commands and a playlist filename instructing playback of the second playlist ‘PlayList 2’. The thirdpath item includes pre-navigation commands and a playlist file nameinstructing playback of the third playlist ‘PlayList 3’. For example, ifa user selects a first camera angle for reproduction, reproductionbranches to the second playlist ‘PlayList 2’ and the second clip file‘Clip File 2’ is reproduced. If a user selects a second camera angle forreproduction, reproduction branches to the third playlist ‘PlayList 3’and the third clip file ‘Clip File 3’ is reproduced. For example, priorto starting reproduction or during reproduction, a user may enter adesired camera angle for reproduction. The logic represented by thepost-navigation commands in the first path item then causes reproductionto branch to the correct camera angle path item based on the user'sselection. If no selection is made, then a default selection (e.g.,camera angle 1) may be used. As such, the post-navigation command forthe first path item helps control which camera angle is reproduced.

[0106] Both the second and third path items include post-navigationcommands instructing that the reproduction path proceed to the fourthpath item. The fourth path item includes pre-navigation commands and aplaylist file name instructing playback of the fourth playlist ‘PlayList4’.

[0107] The recording and reproducing apparatus described with respect toFIG. 7 is also applicable to recording and reproducing the embodimentsof the recording medium having data structures as described above withrespect to FIGS. 9-17. As will be appreciated, the recording andreproducing apparatus of FIG. 7 operates in the same manner as wasdescribed above in recording the data structures of FIGS. 9-17 on therecording medium (e.g., BD-ROM). Reproduction by the recording andreproducing apparatus of FIG. 7 is also substantially the same, exceptthat the playlist linkers are reproduced, and the navigation managementinformation provided thereby is used to control reproduction of the A/Vstream data as described above with respect to the embodiments of FIGS.13-17.

[0108] The embodiments of FIGS. 11-17 of the present invention have beendescribed as applied to the data structure of FIG. 9; however, it willbe appreciated that these embodiments are also applicable to the datastructure of FIG. 2.

[0109] Furthermore, it will be appreciated, that the differentreproduction path embodiments may be combined in generating possiblereproduction paths.

[0110] As will be appreciated from the forgoing disclosure, the presentinvention provides a recording medium having a file or data structurethat permits managing and/or controlling navigation of the reproductionof A/V stream data. Accordingly, the present invention provides agreater level of flexibility in the reproduction of video data thanpreviously available.

[0111] As will be further appreciated, the present invention providesmethods and apparatuses for recording and reproducing the data structurefor managing and/or controlling navigation of the reproduction of A/Vstream data.

[0112] While the invention has been disclosed with respect to a limitednumber of embodiments, those skilled in the art, having the benefit ofthis disclosure, will appreciate numerous modifications and variationstherefrom. For example, while described with respect to a Blu-ray ROMoptical disk in several instances, the present invention is not limitedto this standard of optical disk or to optical disks. It is intendedthat all such modifications and variations fall within the spirit andscope of the invention.

What is claimed is:
 1. A recording medium having a data structure formanaging reproduction of at least video data, comprising: a navigationarea storing at least one navigation file, the navigation file includingat least one navigation command group, at least one navigation commandgroup including at least one navigation command for managingreproduction of at least video data recorded on the recording medium, atleast one command group indicating at least one playlist to reproduce,the at least one playlist representing a portion of at least the videodata recorded on the recording medium.
 2. The recording medium of claim1, wherein the at least one playlist includes at least one playitemidentifying at least a portion of a clip file of at least video datarecorded on the recording medium.
 3. The recording medium of claim 1,wherein at least one navigation command group indicates a next commandgroup in a reproduction path.
 4. The recording medium of claim 1,wherein at least one navigation command group indicates a next playlistin a reproduction path.
 5. The recording medium of claim 1, wherein atleast one command group includes navigation commands for selectivelydetermining whether at least one playlist is included in a reproductionpath.
 6. The recording medium of claim 5, wherein the at least onecommand group including navigation commands for selectively determiningwhether at least one playlist is included in a reproduction path makesthis determination based on user input.
 7. The recording medium of claim5, wherein the at least one command group including navigation commandsfor selectively determining whether at least one playlist is included ina reproduction path includes navigation commands for making thisdetermination based on a reproduction path to reproduce.
 8. Therecording medium of claim 5, wherein the at least one command groupincluding navigation commands for selectively determining whether atleast one playlist is included in a reproduction path includesnavigation commands for making this determination based on a language toreproduce.
 9. The recording medium of claim 5, wherein the at least onecommand group including navigation commands for selectively determiningwhether at least one playlist is included in a reproduction pathincludes navigation commands for making this determination based on acamera angle to reproduce.
 10. The recording medium of claim 5, whereinthe at least one command group including navigation commands forselectively determining whether at least one playlist is included in areproduction path includes navigation commands for making thisdetermination based on a parental control reproduction path toreproduce.
 11. The recording medium of claim 5, wherein the at least onecommand group including navigation commands for selectively determiningwhether at least one playlist is included in a reproduction pathincludes navigation commands for selectively determining whether toinclude a playlist forming at least a portion of a separate sidereproduction path in a main reproduction path.
 12. The recording mediumof claim 1, wherein at least one command group includes navigationcommands for selectively branching reproduction to another navigationcommand group.
 13. The recording medium of claim 12, wherein the atleast one command group including navigation commands for selectivelybranching reproduction to another navigation command group makes thisselection based on user input.
 14. The recording medium of claim 12,wherein the at least one command group including navigation commands forselectively branching reproduction to another navigation command groupmakes this selection based on a reproduction path to reproduce.
 15. Therecording medium of claim 12, wherein the at least one command groupincluding navigation commands for selectively branching reproduction toanother navigation command group makes this selection based on alanguage to reproduce.
 16. The recording medium of claim 12, wherein theat least one command group including navigation commands for selectivelybranching reproduction to another navigation command group makes thisselection based on a camera angle to reproduce.
 17. The recording mediumof claim 12, wherein the at least one command group including navigationcommands for selectively branching reproduction to another navigationcommand group includes navigation commands for selectively branching toa navigation command group for reproducing at least a portion of aseparate side reproduction path to a main reproduction path.
 18. Therecording medium of claim 1, wherein at least one command group includesnavigation commands for selectively branching reproduction to at leastone playlist.
 19. The recording medium of claim 18, wherein the at leastone command group including navigation commands for selectivelybranching reproduction to at least one playlist makes this selectionbased on user input.
 20. The recording medium of claim 18, wherein theat least one command group including navigation commands for selectivelybranching reproduction to at least one playlist makes this selectionbased on a reproduction path to reproduce.
 21. The recording medium ofclaim 18, wherein the at least one command group including navigationcommands for selectively branching reproduction to at least one playlistmakes this selection based on a language to reproduce.
 22. The recordingmedium of claim 18, wherein the at least one command group includingnavigation commands for selectively branching reproduction to at leastone playlist makes this selection based on a camera angle to reproduce.23. The recording medium of claim 18, wherein the at least one commandgroup including navigation commands for selectively branchingreproduction to at least one playlist includes navigation commands forselectively determining whether to playback a playlist representing atleast a portion of a separate side reproduction path to a mainreproduction path.
 24. The recording medium of claim 1, wherein thenavigation file includes a navigation command group associated with eachparental control reproduction path formed by at least the video datarecorded on the recording medium.
 25. The recording medium of claim 24,wherein each navigation command group associated with one of theparental control reproduction paths controls whether the associatedparental control reproduction path is reproduced based on a selectedparental control reproduction path.
 26. The recording medium of claim 1,wherein the navigation file further includes a length indicatorindicating a length of the navigation file.
 27. The recording medium ofclaim 1, wherein the navigation file further includes an attributeindicator providing an indication of at least one attribute of thenavigation file.
 28. The recording medium of claim 1, wherein thenavigation file further includes a number of navigation command groupsindicator indicating a number of the navigation command groups in thenavigation file.
 29. The recording medium of claim 1, wherein thenavigation file further includes a length indicator indicating a lengthof the navigation file, an attribute indicator providing an indicationof at least one attribute of the navigation file, and a number ofnavigation command groups indicator indicating a number of thenavigation command groups in the navigation file.
 30. The recordingmedium of claim 1, wherein each navigation group includes at least onenavigation command.
 31. A recording medium having a data structure formanaging navigation of multiple reproduction path audio/video data,comprising: a data area having multiple reproduction path audio/videodata recorded thereon; a playlist area storing at least one playlist,each playlist indicating a portion of the multiple reproduction pathaudio/video data to reproduce; and a navigation area including at leastone navigation file stored therein, the navigation file includingnavigation commands indicating which playlists to playback to form atleast one of the multiple reproduction paths.
 32. The recording mediumof claim 31, wherein the navigation commands are divided into commandgroups.
 33. The recording medium of claim 32, wherein the navigationfile includes an indicator indicating the number of command groups inthe navigation file.
 34. The recording medium of claim 31, wherein themultiple reproduction path audio/video data includes reproduction pathsassociated with different languages.
 35. The recording medium of claim31, wherein the multiple reproduction path audio/video data includesreproduction paths associated with different camera angles.
 36. Therecording medium of claim 31, wherein the multiple reproduction pathaudio/video data includes reproduction paths associated with differentparental control levels.
 37. The recording medium of claim 31, whereinthe multiple reproduction path audio/video data includes a mainreproduction path and at least one side reproduction path.
 38. A methodof recording a data structure for managing reproduction of data on arecording medium, comprising: recording at least one navigation file onthe recording medium, the navigation file including at least onenavigation command group, and at least one navigation command groupincluding at least one navigation command for managing reproduction ofat least video data recorded on the recording medium.
 39. A method ofreproducing a data structure for managing reproduction of at least datarecorded on a recording medium, comprising: reproducing at least onenavigation file recorded on the recording medium, the navigation fileincluding at least one navigation command group, and at least onenavigation command group including at least one navigation command formanaging reproduction of at least video data recorded on the recordingmedium.
 40. An apparatus for recording a data structure for managingreproduction of at least data on a recording medium, comprising: adriver for driving an optical recording device to record data on therecording medium; a controller for controlling the driver to record atleast one navigation file on recording medium, the navigation fileincluding at least one navigation command group, and at least onenavigation command group including at least one navigation command formanaging reproduction of at least video data recorded on the recordingmedium.
 41. An apparatus for reproducing a data structure for managingreproduction of at least multiple reproduction path video data recordedon a recording medium, comprising: a driver for driving an opticalreproducing device to reproduce data recorded on the recording medium; acontroller for controlling the driver to reproduce at least onenavigation file recorded on the recording medium, the navigation fileincluding at least one navigation command group, and at least onenavigation command group including at least one navigation command formanaging reproduction of at least video data recorded on the recordingmedium.